✅Gs-3 : Climate change- Cop 29 Negotiations- Baku, Azerbaijan- Click here
⚜️Single point agenda- New climate finance target called the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG)- You can read why this is the only agenda - in the context of OECD report on climate finance
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⚜️Single point agenda- New climate finance target called the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG)- You can read why this is the only agenda - in the context of OECD report on climate finance
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✅Gs-3 : Mobilization of resources- Direct tax reforms- anticipated review of the Income-tax Act, 1961
🅾️What is the funda?- enhancing transparency, efficiency, and fairness-> will boost economic competitiveness, ease of doing business, and taxpayer confidence.
⚠️How to achieve the funda?
1. Litigation Mitigation: Establishing a permanent dispute resolution mechanism to reduce judicial backlog and ensure faster resolution for taxpayers
2. Uniform Tax Interpretation: Empowering the CBDT to issue clear and consistent guidelines to prevent arbitrary interpretations by officers. Ex : Section 119 of the IT act
3. Simplifying Rules for Mergers and Share Transactions: Addressing ambiguities in capital gains rules, particularly in cases involving bonus shares or company mergers- Ex : Grandfathering clause
4. Respecting Supreme Court Judgments: Minimizing reviews of settled cases to reduce uncertainty
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
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🅾️What is the funda?- enhancing transparency, efficiency, and fairness-> will boost economic competitiveness, ease of doing business, and taxpayer confidence.
⚠️How to achieve the funda?
1. Litigation Mitigation: Establishing a permanent dispute resolution mechanism to reduce judicial backlog and ensure faster resolution for taxpayers
2. Uniform Tax Interpretation: Empowering the CBDT to issue clear and consistent guidelines to prevent arbitrary interpretations by officers. Ex : Section 119 of the IT act
3. Simplifying Rules for Mergers and Share Transactions: Addressing ambiguities in capital gains rules, particularly in cases involving bonus shares or company mergers- Ex : Grandfathering clause
4. Respecting Supreme Court Judgments: Minimizing reviews of settled cases to reduce uncertainty
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-1 : Indian Society- Urbanization- Trajectory of Indian Urbanization-Click here
✅Gs-2 : We spoke about the need for strengthening local bodies -Read here
⚠️CAG RAISES CONCERNS - Urban Governance- you can use this report for substantiation
🅾️Resource-Spending Gap:A 42% gap exists between the resources and expenditure of ULBs.
⚜️Only 29% of expenditures are directed towards programmatic and developmental work.
🅾️Revenue generation problem : ULBs generate only 32% of their revenue, relying heavily on Union and state government transfers. They were able to collect only 56% of their property tax demand.
🅾️Staff problem : Urban local bodies face an average 37% vacancy rate in sanctioned positions, hindering effective service delivery.
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-2 : We spoke about the need for strengthening local bodies -Read here
⚠️CAG RAISES CONCERNS - Urban Governance- you can use this report for substantiation
🅾️Resource-Spending Gap:A 42% gap exists between the resources and expenditure of ULBs.
⚜️Only 29% of expenditures are directed towards programmatic and developmental work.
🅾️Revenue generation problem : ULBs generate only 32% of their revenue, relying heavily on Union and state government transfers. They were able to collect only 56% of their property tax demand.
🅾️Staff problem : Urban local bodies face an average 37% vacancy rate in sanctioned positions, hindering effective service delivery.
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⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
Forwarded from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#SnT
✅Defence- Pinaka Rocket system- MBRL
🅾️Fundamental Purpose: To improve strike capability over longer distances, allowing for a tactical advantage in border and conflict zones.
🅾️Extended range (75 km) → Expanded coverage and ability to target distant positions → Enhanced strategic depth in defensive and offensive maneuvers.Salvo mode allows firing at multiple targets in rapid succession → Higher impact in short engagements → Increased ability to neutralize threats quickly.
⚠️Provisional Staff Qualitative Requirements (PSQR):specific set of performance standards that the Pinaka system must meet to qualify for military induction
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✅Defence- Pinaka Rocket system- MBRL
🅾️Fundamental Purpose: To improve strike capability over longer distances, allowing for a tactical advantage in border and conflict zones.
🅾️Extended range (75 km) → Expanded coverage and ability to target distant positions → Enhanced strategic depth in defensive and offensive maneuvers.Salvo mode allows firing at multiple targets in rapid succession → Higher impact in short engagements → Increased ability to neutralize threats quickly.
⚠️Provisional Staff Qualitative Requirements (PSQR):specific set of performance standards that the Pinaka system must meet to qualify for military induction
🎖Join
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
image_2024-11-19_20-21-59.png
2.2 MB
✅Gs-2 : IR- India's Neighbourhood First policy challenges and recalibration.
🔰Core issues :
⚜️India's Dominance Perception: Criticism for flexing power; erosion of trust.
⚜️Diplomatic Gaps: Nepali PM bypassing India, strained ties with Maldives, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh.
⚜️Nepal Concerns: Madhesi issue, rising anti-India sentiment, strained government ties.
🔰Policy Concerns:
⚜️Non-alignment with neighbors’ concerns.
⚜️Mixed signals—flexing influence versus mutual respect.
⚜️Lack of institutional focus on regional trust-building.
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🔰Core issues :
⚜️India's Dominance Perception: Criticism for flexing power; erosion of trust.
⚜️Diplomatic Gaps: Nepali PM bypassing India, strained ties with Maldives, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh.
⚜️Nepal Concerns: Madhesi issue, rising anti-India sentiment, strained government ties.
🔰Policy Concerns:
⚜️Non-alignment with neighbors’ concerns.
⚜️Mixed signals—flexing influence versus mutual respect.
⚜️Lack of institutional focus on regional trust-building.
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
image_2024-11-19_20-15-44.png
2.4 MB
✅Gs-3 : Internal security- Terrorism - V. IMP article!
🅾️Evolving Nature of Terrorism=Sophistication in Tactics: Modern networks exhibit precision in target selection
🅾️Transnational Networks: Links to Yemen, Lebanon, and other conflict zones demonstrate the cross-border spread of terrorism.
🅾️Technology in Terrorism: Advanced weapons, explosives
🅾️Global Socio-Economic Disparities: Inequalities and historical grievances act as fertile grounds for radicalization. Power vacuums in post-Cold War geopolitics (e.g., West Asia’s instability).
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Evolving Nature of Terrorism=Sophistication in Tactics: Modern networks exhibit precision in target selection
🅾️Transnational Networks: Links to Yemen, Lebanon, and other conflict zones demonstrate the cross-border spread of terrorism.
🅾️Technology in Terrorism: Advanced weapons, explosives
🅾️Global Socio-Economic Disparities: Inequalities and historical grievances act as fertile grounds for radicalization. Power vacuums in post-Cold War geopolitics (e.g., West Asia’s instability).
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⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Environment- Climate change
🅾️What is Geoengineering- kinds and impacts?- Click here
⚜️Cloud seeding and its impact- calcium chloride as cloud seeding flare
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🅾️What is Geoengineering- kinds and impacts?- Click here
⚜️Cloud seeding and its impact- calcium chloride as cloud seeding flare
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✅Gs-3 : Economic growth- Industrial Policy
🅾️Context : The global economy is witnessing a rise in activist industrial policies
🅾️What can happen as a result?- global overcapacity, lower international prices, and protectionist measures, thereby increasing costs for downstream sectors.
🅾️What is happening in india?- India’s Activist Industrial Policy:Make in India (launched in 2014) and Production-Linked Incentive (PLI)- Yet manufacturing growth has declined-GVA fell from 16-17% to 14-15% in recent years.
⚠️So what should we do?- Shift Away from Protectionism-adopt innovative technologies and integrate with global value chains.
⚜️We also need cooperative federalism for economic growth- Click here
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🅾️Context : The global economy is witnessing a rise in activist industrial policies
🅾️What can happen as a result?- global overcapacity, lower international prices, and protectionist measures, thereby increasing costs for downstream sectors.
🅾️What is happening in india?- India’s Activist Industrial Policy:Make in India (launched in 2014) and Production-Linked Incentive (PLI)- Yet manufacturing growth has declined-GVA fell from 16-17% to 14-15% in recent years.
⚠️So what should we do?- Shift Away from Protectionism-adopt innovative technologies and integrate with global value chains.
⚜️We also need cooperative federalism for economic growth- Click here
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Climate change- climate policy
🅾️What is carbon leakage?
🅾️What is CBAM? How not to get caught in the chakravyuh over access to transition minerals?-Click here
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@hinduhighlights for News analysis
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🅾️What is carbon leakage?
🅾️What is CBAM? How not to get caught in the chakravyuh over access to transition minerals?-Click here
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅Gs-2 : Education- Higher Education.
⚠️If you want to read about education,this can form the structure for an essay - click and read here
🅾️In the above set of issues, Affordability issue is the one being addressed by this present scheme-PM Vidyalaxmi Scheme
⚠️Earlier, only low-income students benefited; now, it includes middle-income groups-Gives collateral-free loans (no security needed) to students for tuition and other course expenses.Covers students with family incomes up to ₹8 lakh per year. Adds a 3% interest discount during the repayment grace period (moratorium).
🅾️Eligibility: Students must be admitted to one of 860 top-ranking institutions as per NIRF rankings. Unlike earlier schemes, NAAC and NBA accreditation are not required, but institutions must be in NIRF's top lists.
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@hinduhighlights for News analysis
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⚠️If you want to read about education,this can form the structure for an essay - click and read here
🅾️In the above set of issues, Affordability issue is the one being addressed by this present scheme-PM Vidyalaxmi Scheme
⚠️Earlier, only low-income students benefited; now, it includes middle-income groups-Gives collateral-free loans (no security needed) to students for tuition and other course expenses.Covers students with family incomes up to ₹8 lakh per year. Adds a 3% interest discount during the repayment grace period (moratorium).
🅾️Eligibility: Students must be admitted to one of 860 top-ranking institutions as per NIRF rankings. Unlike earlier schemes, NAAC and NBA accreditation are not required, but institutions must be in NIRF's top lists.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#Environment
✅Gs-3 : Pollution- Air pollution
➡️Indoor Air Pollution-Meaning- Click here- PM2.5 particles are the primary indoor air pollutant, causing respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases.
🅾️Ethical Issues: Air purifiers are costly and benefit only those who can afford them, creating inequity-Solutions like air purification do not address root causes of pollution, perpetuating systemic problems.
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@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅Gs-3 : Pollution- Air pollution
➡️Indoor Air Pollution-Meaning- Click here- PM2.5 particles are the primary indoor air pollutant, causing respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases.
🅾️Ethical Issues: Air purifiers are costly and benefit only those who can afford them, creating inequity-Solutions like air purification do not address root causes of pollution, perpetuating systemic problems.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅Gs- 2 : Fundamental Rights/DPSP- evolution of the Right to Property
🅾️Article 39(b) (Directive Principle) directed that resources should serve the common good. Justice Krishna Iyer expanded this to include all property serving material needs of the community.
🅾️Case : Ranganatha Reddy vs State of Maharashtra -clarified that some private property, such as those used for production (factories), could be treated as "material resources of the community", but personal items (e.g., toothbrushes) are excluded= judgment limits state control over private property unless it serves community needs
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🅾️Article 39(b) (Directive Principle) directed that resources should serve the common good. Justice Krishna Iyer expanded this to include all property serving material needs of the community.
🅾️Case : Ranganatha Reddy vs State of Maharashtra -clarified that some private property, such as those used for production (factories), could be treated as "material resources of the community", but personal items (e.g., toothbrushes) are excluded= judgment limits state control over private property unless it serves community needs
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-3 : Climate change
🅾️Argentina- climate change-Paris Agreement Withdrawal
⚠️President Javier Milei, a known climate change skeptic, views the agreement as having elements that Argentina disagrees with- In order to really appreciate why this is such a misinformed opinion- you should read about the climate tipping points- click here
🅾️Implications of Withdrawal : practically nothing for argentina as these are VOLUNTARY In nature- maybe EU can impose trade protectionist measures like CBAM- CLick here
🚫That is why paris deal should have been binding!
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🅾️Argentina- climate change-Paris Agreement Withdrawal
⚠️President Javier Milei, a known climate change skeptic, views the agreement as having elements that Argentina disagrees with- In order to really appreciate why this is such a misinformed opinion- you should read about the climate tipping points- click here
🅾️Implications of Withdrawal : practically nothing for argentina as these are VOLUNTARY In nature- maybe EU can impose trade protectionist measures like CBAM- CLick here
🚫That is why paris deal should have been binding!
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-3 : Economic growth- Inclusive Growth- Corporate Social Responsibility- Case study - One corporate, one village adoption scheme
✅Gs-2 : Governance- NGOs- Corporate social Responsibility- What is the Quality of CSR activities ?
🔰Philosophical origin of the concept of CSR - Click here
🅾️A very good analysis on CSR- Click here
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✅Gs-2 : Governance- NGOs- Corporate social Responsibility- What is the Quality of CSR activities ?
🔰Philosophical origin of the concept of CSR - Click here
🅾️A very good analysis on CSR- Click here
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@hinduhighlights for News analysis
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✅Gs-3 : Climate change- Cop 29 Negotiations- Baku, Azerbaijan- Click here
🅾️Controversial Points at COP29
⚜️1. Quantum of Finance: The NCQG sets no clear number for funding, leading to disputes- Click here
⚜️2.Nature of Contributions: The debate over grants versus loans continues- Click here
⚜️3. Accountability: Mechanisms to track how funds are used remain weak- Just like how it is in CSR- Click here
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🅾️Controversial Points at COP29
⚜️1. Quantum of Finance: The NCQG sets no clear number for funding, leading to disputes- Click here
⚜️2.Nature of Contributions: The debate over grants versus loans continues- Click here
⚜️3. Accountability: Mechanisms to track how funds are used remain weak- Just like how it is in CSR- Click here
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-1 : Indian Society - Role of Women
✅Gs2- Vulnerable sections- Women
🅾️Feminist Ideology in India's Constitutional Discourse- This is a very important article for Philosophy, sociology optional candidates.
🔰Role of Founding Mothers
⚜️1. Advocacy for a social revolution against patriarchal structures- Collaboration with leaders like B.R. Ambedkar to integrate feminist ideals.
⚜️2. Demands to include Uniform Civil Code-Hansa Mehta and Amrit Kaur’s advocacy for UCC
⚜️3. Emphasis on secular values by leaders like Begum Aizaz Rasul.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs2- Vulnerable sections- Women
🅾️Feminist Ideology in India's Constitutional Discourse- This is a very important article for Philosophy, sociology optional candidates.
🔰Role of Founding Mothers
⚜️1. Advocacy for a social revolution against patriarchal structures- Collaboration with leaders like B.R. Ambedkar to integrate feminist ideals.
⚜️2. Demands to include Uniform Civil Code-Hansa Mehta and Amrit Kaur’s advocacy for UCC
⚜️3. Emphasis on secular values by leaders like Begum Aizaz Rasul.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- European solar mission- Proba-3
🅾️Objective of Proba-3: To Study the solar corona, the outermost and hottest part of the Sun’s atmosphere, which remains difficult to observe due to the Sun’s intense brightness.
🅾️Unique feature : First ever Precision Formation Flying: Two satellites, the Occulter Spacecraft (200 kg) and the Coronagraph Spacecraft (340 kg), will maintain a fixed configuration with a distance of 150 meters between them.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Objective of Proba-3: To Study the solar corona, the outermost and hottest part of the Sun’s atmosphere, which remains difficult to observe due to the Sun’s intense brightness.
🅾️Unique feature : First ever Precision Formation Flying: Two satellites, the Occulter Spacecraft (200 kg) and the Coronagraph Spacecraft (340 kg), will maintain a fixed configuration with a distance of 150 meters between them.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
Forwarded from VK IAS by Vikas kanukollu (VK)
This helps: productivity means maximum output for a given input.
Let us normalise productivity as a metric- not the no of hours spent 🙂
Let us normalise productivity as a metric- not the no of hours spent 🙂
image_2024-11-28_09-04-19.png
3.7 MB
✅Gs-2- Government schemes and their implementation-MGNREGA-
🅾️Chronology wise read the articles in the following manner if you dont know about MGNREGA- Click here
🅾️Then you should read this very analytical and solution oriented article on MGNREGA- CLick here
⚠️Present article - latest updates : Issues- Over the last five years, 2.15 crore workers have been deleted from MGNREGA job cards, with a 249% increase in deletions in 2022-23 alone. This includes 1.68 lakh workers in 2022-23 who were deemed “not willing to work”, often without their knowledge.Many workers have lost their right to guaranteed work under MGNREGA, which directly affects their livelihood.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Chronology wise read the articles in the following manner if you dont know about MGNREGA- Click here
🅾️Then you should read this very analytical and solution oriented article on MGNREGA- CLick here
⚠️Present article - latest updates : Issues- Over the last five years, 2.15 crore workers have been deleted from MGNREGA job cards, with a 249% increase in deletions in 2022-23 alone. This includes 1.68 lakh workers in 2022-23 who were deemed “not willing to work”, often without their knowledge.Many workers have lost their right to guaranteed work under MGNREGA, which directly affects their livelihood.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel